Trading bots csgo. That is it! Trade CS:GO skins & items on one of the biggest gaming marketplaces. Trading bots csgo

 
 That is it! Trade CS:GO skins & items on one of the biggest gaming marketplacesTrading bots csgo  Step 2: Hover over your username and click on INVENTORY from the drop-down menu

The Best CS2 Skin Trading Sites in 2023. If you are going to use a trade bot site, you will have to pay high fees, in most cases around 5% – 10% for every trade. This adds another excellent. Skinfury is the most security and fast site for trading skins, knife, keys, AWP, AK-47, Glock, agents Search Trusted Counter-Strike / CS:GO Skin Sites Including Trade Bots and Marketplaces - Trade Bot Directory -The largest list of Automatic CSGO trading bots. Low Fees . 5 million individual items worth nearly $2. CS:GO/CS2, Dota 2, Rust, Team Fortress 2. Coinrule: Earn OKB and enjoy automated trading. “ModelScale 0” turns it on while “ModelScale 1” turns it back off. 7 7. Being one of the best (CS2) CSGO bot trading sites, you can relax and trust that we've done our part to keep you and your skins safe!CS. This in an attempt to undercut people trying to camp the trading site. Our CS:GO trading bots employ robust security measures, including the use of the Steam API key and trade offer confirmation processes, to safeguard your Steam account and inventory during transactions. Discover LOOT. Trading Tool or Other Community: Permitted to be whitelisted. Victim agrees to trade, but the scammer wants the victim to exhange. One of the platform's unique features is the cashback incentive. Are you used to checking profiles when trading? In the new, fake exchange offer, almost all the details will match. tf is a trading site for Team Fortress 2, Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, and Dota 2. Buy & sell skins with real money or trade them to new ones using the trade bot. We are fully automated CS:GO trading bot where you can trade your skins safe and easy. gg is your ultimate hub. If you play other games like CSGO, you may have some item skins. And at the most important moment, when you checked and confirmed the trade with the bot, all your skins are sent to the scammer. Best Skins and NFT marketplace. 5. One of our bots will send you a trade offer for the items you want to sell, simply follow the on-screen. Money allows users to save precious time by matching "givers" and "takers". Being one of the best (CS2) CSGO bot trading sites, you can relax and trust that we've done our part to keep you and your skins safe!This series is to help me improve, as well as share some information with you guys! If you like it and want to see more, do be sure to let me know! Also, apo. gg contains 4 games, these are CS2, Rust, Dota2 and TF2. Buy, sell, and trade CS:GO items. There is a possibility of you getting scammed if you use CSGO skin bots. Kryll. 1. Select items you want to get from our Bots. Check trade bots for items in their steam inventory, as the websites they belong to don't update as quick (steam inv is instant) When they find an item they're interested in they then go to the trading site, wait for it to refresh and search for the item to buy it. SkinsMonkey. This is where a trade bot CS:GO comes into play. A bot with no security measures cannot be trusted, as it leaves your account open to being hacked by other users. Trading sites are one of the safest and quickest ways for all users to exchange their skins for new ones. We accept 200 payment methods, providing a completely uncomplicated experience when it comes to getting players their money. 2. They are often used to exchange skins, which are cosmetic items that can be used in the game. So we are presenting you with some major differences between regular trading and a CSGO bot trading site. 0 license. . PROS! CONS Prices 5 / 5. CSGO and Hydra keys bought from INGAME CSGO will no longer be tradeable permanently. The best CSGO trading sites generally take about 5% commission, but some take 10% per trade. TRADE Multi-Game Trade Bot CS2 & CS:GO, DOTA 2, RUST, TF2, Counter-Strike 2 - instant trading tool exchanging your items for keys, skins and knifes. Baca Express tampilkan 1 Memperkenalkan Trading Bot CSGO: Salam Kaum Berotak! 2 Keuntungan Menggunakan Trading Bot CSGO 2. Check skin state. CSGO knife commands. Counter-Strike 2. 2. com is the best trading bot site. gg. A difficulty (0, 1, 2 or 3) to kick bots from. SkinsMonkey is the #1 trading bot that supports CS:GO, Rust & Dota 2 skins and items. 36 ★ Karambit | Urban Masked MW (Tradelock) - B/O $422. Trading in CSGO works on the same principle as trading in any other major video game. Choose Offer a Trade. Daily Free Bonus Bids. I don't care what they have, I just want to have the best rates. Selling CS:GO skins for money is a simple process on Tradeit. TRADE - CS:GO Trade Bot. Search. enter your own Steam trade URL. Being one of the best (CS2) CSGO bot trading sites, you can relax and trust that we've done our part to keep you and your skins safe!I have come across a new CSGO scamming method wich I think is relatively unknown. Easy, trusted and secure!. Skinport charges a low selling fee for all sold CS2 skins. it is, if you want to scam a bot, then. Discover LOOT. The same principle works with CSGO trading. PyCrypto. Login Store Community Support Change language View desktop website. Reply reply [deleted] • Reply. Money is worth its reputation. Mendapatkan Keuntungan Lebih Besar 2. Bot-based skin trading platform SWAP. Display currency: USD ($) In this section all prices are in Trade-tokens, not real money. I've recently started playing CS more with my friends and my motivation to play TF2 (and especially trading) has been dropping rapidly. Rltracker. 2. Experience our vast inventory & advanced trading technology. Gamers can trade their TF2 items for other TF2 cosmetics or even use skins from other games like Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CSGO), Dota 2, or Rust to obtain. Trade skins for CSGO, Rust, TF2, Dota 2 + Steam games. TRADE Multi-Game Trade Bot CS2 & CS:GO, DOTA 2, RUST, TF2, Counter-Strike 2 - instant trading tool exchanging your items for keys, skins and knifes. If you are looking to trade other games skins please check our other listings: Rust Skins Trade Bots, Best TF2 Trading Sites, Dota 2. Cs go trading bots adalah sistem trading otomatis yang digunakan untuk mempermudah transaksi market items di dalam game Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO). If you can’t see any items, to begin with, you can reveal them by picking the game. Powered by trading bots, CS. Visit site. Discover the Counter-Strike 2 market on Skinport. Excellent. Lebih Efisien 2. Aqui você pode trocar, comprar e vender skins de forma segura. Trade your old, tired skins for fresh, sought-after items from the best collections. gg is the rust skins trading platform allowing rust players to trade their rust items with our trade bots. Cliffwood, NJ, United States. Skinport - the best wholesale site. When a user posts a trade offer, the bot will look at the skin the user wants and the skin they’ve posted. Compared to most CSGO trading sites, the platform offers the best user experience regarding customer support. A large number of CS:GO/CS2 items of various quality and rarity are available on the site0. Buy and sell skins with real money. CS. 020. GG - the best welcome bonus. gg. 4 4. 1. Trade, Buy or Sell CSGO, CS2, RUST, and TF2 skins with the lowest fees, Instantly! Tradeit. Find deals, trade ads, and estimate item worth with our calculator. Steam Level Up Bots are accounts on Steam managed using a bot program that auto accepts friend request and allows trading out trading cards in exchange for CS:GO Case Keys, TF2 Keys and Gems. The small tasks are also effortless, as. The bustling CS:GO trade, while exciting, can be overwhelming to navigate manually. DMarket is one of the most reliable platforms for in-game skins and items. Welcome!Trade and get all the CS:GO items you ever wanted. We even offer an instant cash-out option, so whether you’re working with PayPal, or you want to get paid in Bitcoin, Tether. On our CS:GO/CS2 Trading Bot you can trade skins easily. For example trading CSGO skins for TF2 skins. Select the game items from which you want to buy, sell or trade. We even offer an instant cash-out option, so whether you’re working with PayPal, or you want to get paid in Bitcoin, Tether. 25. tradebotdirectory. Any inbound offers are usually ignored. mp_autoteambalance 0 — this command doesn’t allow bots to balance the number of “players” in T/CT teams. CS. gg and you will be rewarded for it. The website is currently under maintenance and trades have been temporarily disabled. Trade difference will be added to your wallet balance that you can use for future trades. SKIN. Offical group of the CSGO Key Bot WIth this bot you can convert you skins into keys. CS. CS. Dalam trading manual, kesalahan. MONEY cel mai bun site de schimb CS:GO/CS2, schimbați, cumpărați și vindeți obiecte rapid și sigur. Discover LOOT. Money - the site with the best selection and description of skins. TRADE SKINS FAST. CS. GG, users can buy skins with cash. Among the pantheon of popular online games, Counter-Strike 2, commonly known as CS2, sets itself apart. På vores CS:GO/CS2 Trading Bot kan du nemt bytte skins nemtUsing CSGO trade bots is very simple, because you need to: Select a CSGO trade bot. In essence, a CS2 cases trade bot is a sophisticated software application, diligently programmed to automate the process of trading cases in CS2. ALL BOTS. What is the fee? There is a fixed fee on coinflips, of 5% (10% if never deposited) fee of the total value of each coinflip game. The main goal is to make skin trading accessible, secure and price efficient for everyone. In the past I posted buy Orders for 3€ and sold them 8 days later for 3. Steam Trading Cards related website featuring trading cards, badges, emoticons, backgrounds, artworks, pricelists, trading bot and other tools. So, to the less-experienced eye, the bots appear to be 'real' accounts. All Discussions Screenshots Artwork Broadcasts Videos Workshop News Guides Reviews. Harnessing the Power of Trade Bots in CS:GO. SkinBaron: Best Trading Site for the. Depends on what type of knife you got. 1 post per page, respect others, don't spam. A good bot should have a perfect reputation and a secure way to trade your skin. Some expensive knives or unusual items can be declined by bots because of the rules about 20 trades per a day. Trade CS2 skins with trading bots to make Counter-Strike skin trades quick and secure. As a trader I see bots everywhere - in the forums buying and selling cards, on trading websites (scrap. Plenty of traders out there! They use the trading profit to throw it back into longterm holds also use the money to make bigger trades. io. If you can’t see any items, to begin with, you can reveal them by picking the game. 7% commission + extra markup of 0% to 3% for popular items. Item Variability 5 /. DMarket - the most. Similar to CS. Like I see that these bots have steam profiles, so like the bot gets the skins, and then lets go of them when the trade or whatever is ready? Or maybe its better off to contact the site developers ? Thanks guys :)Here are a few alternatives to trading with CSGO trade bots. ) Csgo Lounge, pretending to trade a rare item, usually Black Pearls, Emeralds, Blue Gems etc. Step 2: Hover over your username and click on INVENTORY from the drop-down menu. Jadi, cs go trading bots merupakan sistem trading otomatis yang digunakan untuk mempermudah transaksi market items di dalam game Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO). The website is an automated trading system, which uses bots to trade. There are many great options on the market, so let’s take a look at the 8 best AI stock trading bots: 1. 17. Stock Trader Pro is one of the best trading robots for stocks. money and list the item for sale for about 10-15% more and you can usually get 0-5% fees. 1. The use of bots seems to be against ToS; however many bots are used not only by off-steam trading sites and general traders. Selain itu, trading bots CS:GO juga dapat menghindarkan pengguna dari kesalahan manusia. DMarket - the most technologically advanced site. deals. 1. In the weeks and months after this update, multiple CSGO sites of all sorts began to change from their usual setup of storing items on bots to P2P as we know it today. 133. Tradeit. The bot automatically creates trade offers with the lowest fees, providing a hassle-free and safe trading environment. The scammer will ask that you get some other items for your CS:GO items like Rust 2 items and trade him those items in return for CS:GO items that you want from his inventory. However, for many others, using a trusted CSGO trade bot offers quite a few benefits and features that many can’t resist. New users today: 1 085. Folosind botul nostru CS:GO/CS2 puteți schimba cu ușurință obiecte CS2 trading bots are automate­d systems created to stre­amline the process of trading skins. We even offer an instant cash-out option, so whether you’re working with PayPal, or you want to get paid in Bitcoin, Tether. Being one of the best (CS2) CSGO bot trading sites, you can relax and trust that we've done our part to keep you and your skins safe!Our CS2 (CS:GO) trading bots employ robust security measures, including the use of the Steam API key and trade offer confirmation processes, to safeguard your Steam account and inventory during transactions. Trading with real people is definitely an option. Contact with us using live chat. 0. Bagaimana cara kerja cs go trading bots? Cs go trading bots bekerja dengan menghubungkan akun Steam kalian ke dalam market items pada game CS:GO. The same principle works with CSGO trading. Best CSGO Trading Sites in 2022. Just choose the items you want to exchange and the items you want to exchange them for. me csgotrade. 9. Some other method (please elaborate :p) Trading can get you more value, but you have to find a bot that takes a smaller cut than steam market. Money is worth its reputation. Prizes. Skinport. CSGO trade bots are computer programs that automatically trade items between players. All my Buyouts for the listed items are just because of the rules. Or maybe you have just started playing Dota 2 and looking where you can trade CSGO skins to Dota 2? In this listing you will find the best Dota2 trading sites or trade bots. We even offer an instant cash-out option, so whether you’re working with PayPal, or you want to get paid in Bitcoin, Tether. Mendapatkan Keuntungan Lebih Besar 2. deals. 8. Tradelink | Profile ★ Flip Knife | Doppler FN (Phase 2) (Tradelock) - B/O $529. Known as a popular trading platform for in-game items in CS2 and other popular games like Dota 2 and Team Fortress 2, Swap. And now the next chapter in the CS story is about to begin. 3. CSGO Trading Bots vs Regular P2P Trading Sites. Here are some of the Best CSGO Trade Bot Sites You Can Use in 2022 These are The Best and Most Trusted Trade Bot. The bot will then search the platform to look for a good trading match. Genuine Friends Forever Companion Square Badge. Let us skip forward to March of the next year, 2018. The actual scammer and one of his friends group up and set up a trade on (e. Factory New ★ Covert Knife. CS. In any case, here is the difference between regular trading and trading with CSGO trade bots. We are a fully automated trading bot where you can trade your skins safely and easily! We are the very first trade bot that allows you to exchange skins from different games. ORDER BY. Some sites are multi-game trading bots and you can trade TF2 to CSGO skins or other popular games goods like Dota 2 skins. Being one of the best (CS2) CSGO bot trading sites, you can relax and trust that we've done our part to keep you and your skins safe!You currently do not have any items in your sales queue yet. Select the skins you want to sell. For example, if the bet id started at 0, it would end at 9 (10 numbers, 1 for each case you put in the battle) When someone joins, they get assigned a series of bet ids as well (Same amount. Try any CSGO knife without editing any file. Global Offensive (CS:GO), and Counter-Strike 2 (CS2). net is one of the largest sites for people who wants to trade their skins. 38. Regular TradingThe most popular subreddit around CS:GO skins trading is r/GlobalOffensiveTrade. When it comes to trading CS:GO skins, there are certain skins that are more popular than others. These automated tools, developed by third-party services, can help optimize your trading process, saving you time and often leading to better trade outcomes. g. bots. Our CS2 (CS:GO) trading bots employ robust security measures, including the use of the Steam API key and trade offer confirmation processes, to safeguard your Steam account and inventory during transactions. gg. Regular Trading The most popular subreddit around CS:GO skins trading is r/GlobalOffensiveTrade. Market - the easiest site. By this estimate, there are 2,843 Steam trading bots in the OPSkins group that had CS:GO items in their inventories. Step 4: From there, scroll all the way down, and you will see your URL. 2 Kekurangan Trading Bot. 30 March 2023. GG in 2016. Farm for secure, seamless skin trading in CS 2, DOTA 2, TF2, and RUST. By depositing in-game items, you increase the total inventory value on Tradeit. Not selling skins, only trading. Select items you want to trade from your inventory. These items can be used within the game or traded for other items. In this article, we’ll be discussing the top 10 most popular csgo skins to trade, from the AK-47 Redline to the M4A1-S Printstream. x 0. SkinsMonkey - the best Autobot with fast deals. thats people finding the items your selling on csgo float then finding the account that sent it to the bot. Transaction fee of 2% plus $0. POPULAR DISCUSSIONS VIEW ALL (1)Tradeit. However, experienced players, as well as newcomers, should follow some basic safety rules to prevent from getting scammed. 1% of traded volume will be distributed to members of Tradeit Invest. Click and drag the items you wish to trade from both inventories into the trade boxes. Search. Being one of the best (CS2) CSGO bot trading sites, you can relax and trust that we've done our part to keep you and your skins safe!How to sell CSGO skins for real money. MONEY je nejlepší CS:GO/CS2 Trading Bot, který vám umožní vyměnit, koupit a prodat skiny snadno a důvěryhodně. How to try any knife in CS:GO. Yes, an official Discord server for a big community or trading website is a perfectly safe place to trade your CSGO items. S naším CS:GO/CS2 obchodním botem můžete obchodovat snadno a rychle With trade bots, a bot account has the skins stored and sends them to you. Todos los derechos reservados. 1. Securities and Exchange Commission, 78% of market trades were performed by “trading centers. sv_infinite_ammo [1 / 2] Infinite ammo vs. Over 5000 skins of various quality and rarity are available for trade. In this guide I teach you how you can find your trade link. THE SITES SELF-MADE PRICES. These scammers impersonate profiles using advanced bots. Moz DA: 11 Moz Rank: 3. Users of the popular skin-buying website can no longer buy and withdraw skins from OPSkins. Our CSGO Trade Bot Has All the Skins You Need! Trade CS:GO Skins Instantly with. md. Trade CS:GO Skins Now. Join us and be part of the CS2 (CS:GO) trading revolution! Swap. SkinsMonkey: Best CS:GO Trading Site & Trade BOT. Sites similar to skinshub. Trading bots CS:GO memungkinkan pengguna untuk melakukan trading dalam jumlah besar dan dengan cepat. (CS:GO), and Counter-Strike 2 (CS2). On our CS:GO/CS2 Trading Bot you can trade skins easily. On our CS:GO/CS2 Trading Bot you can trade skins easily. gg. CS:GO Weapon Case 2 CS:GO Weapon Case 3 Danger Zone Case eSports 2013 Case eSports 2013 Winter Case eSports 2014 Summer Case. MONEY is the best CS:GO/CS2 Trading Site, that lets you exchange, buy and sell skins fast and safely. Com nosso bot de trocas do CS:GO/CS2 você troca skins facilmenteWhitemarket is a P2P platform where you can sell and buy CS2 (CS:GO) skins, items and more. It offers you more control over your portfolio and "does it for you," but a strategy is still required. ็BOT_OFFICIAL. It was launched in 2020, but it lacks several features that are commonly found on other skin trading sites. Securely and easily buy, sell and trade skins/items for games like CS:GO, DOTA2, RUST, TF2 and more. Being one of the best (CS2) CSGO bot trading sites, you can relax and trust that we've done our part to keep you and your skins safe!August 16, 2022. python steam steam-trade-offers trade-offers steam-trading steam-trade-bot Updated Feb 6, 2023; Python; il-marc / Confirmator Star 4. There use to be bots which wud compare the best scm values of the trade and then accept, I too miss those bots. On the other hand, if you decide to use CS2 Trading Sites instead, you don’t have to. Shame that they have killed CS: GO bots and trading now. CSGO regular P2P trading sites: Every single offer is listed by the members of the site. Free $5 for trading and a +35% bonus for real money deposits. WANTED TO TRADE MY CSGO ITEMS ALSO BUYING CSGO/TF2/DOTA2 ITEMS [H] ★Karambit doppler phase 1/3 Fn ★Huntsman Fade Fn ★Bowie Knife Slaughter/Faccde/Doppler FnCSGO Trade Bot website. Gambling sites are further affected by this issue as well. Aman 2. Trade bots can be a powerful tool in optimizing your CS:GO trading strategy. They were primarily introduced via PODbot (Ping of Death) for Counter-Strike and made official in Counter-Strike: Condition Zero through the AI work by Gearbox Software and Turtle Rock Studios. Counter-Strike enjoys a thriving esports scene. Tradeit is the leading CSGO trade website for a reason—we bring CSGO/CS2 traders together. MONEY is a trading platform to exchange items from CS:GO and CS2. 1 1. Is there any risk during trading? Our bots send trade offers through Steam. money are in the scene of. Aman 2. It contains backtesting, plotting and money management tools as well as strategy optimization by machine learning. 7% commission + extra markup of 0% to 3% for popular items. Moz DA: 19 Moz Rank: 3. Type !help Or !commands in steam chat to see a list of all commands with description. With a stock trading bot, you can be more objective. It can also calculate the amount of card sets and keys needed for a certain level. Below is Total CS' searchable list of all 3,057 CS:GO and CS2 console commands. The filtering options are extremely useful and the bonus codes for new members is definitely a great feature to attract business to the site. Meminimalisir Kesalahan Manusia 2. The good thing here is that you can trade rust skins, and the process is very simple. money legit? YesCan you make profit on bot-trading Sites like this? SometimesHow? Watch this Video Since trading bots like cs. Buy & sell skins with real money or trade them to new ones using the trade bot. 5 - If you are happy with the items, simply click on the "Trade" button. If you want to Buy Our Gems for Your Keys. This is the largest and most active CS sub on Reddit. By utilizing algorithms, these bots can rapidly execute­ CSGO trades, providing users with a seamle­ss experience. Sell CS2 Skins Sell CS:GO Skins Sell RUST Skins. You should at least include the link to your Steam profile. 4 4. It is designed to support all major exchanges and be controlled via Telegram or webUI. Victim accepts the offer. 2. Get cases on Hellcase and get all skins. They're all trade banned (it's not showing, but they are). select your own items and the bot’s items. Hover over your username from the navigation panel in the top-left corner of the screen. This is Counter-Strike 2. 1. RoValk is a free extension designed to improve the limited item trading experience on roblox. The registration process is simple. The short answer is yes. Come and trade with more than 500 000 real humans and get all the skins you ever wanted to get! Keywords csgo trade, csgotraders, csgo trade bot, csgo trading bot, CS:GO, counter-strike global offensive, csgo, trading bot, trade bot, cs:go sell skins, cs:go skin bot, cs:go key bot, cs:go quicksell bot, cs:go exchange botFind the top CSGO trading sites where you can sell, buy and exchange skins quickly and safely. In this case, you will receive the first trade with one or more items from one of the bots. This command would make all bots normal difficulty: bot_difficulty 1. The best site for fast exchange, buy and sell CS:GO skins. Pionex. Tradeit is the leading CSGO trade website for a reason—we bring CSGO/CS2 traders together. gg. Our CS:GO trading bots employ robust security measures, including the use of the Steam API key and trade offer confirmation processes, to safeguard your Steam account and inventory during transactions. Follow these steps for more information: Step 1: Open Steam and log into your account. Remember that your Steam inventory must be set to public, and your account must necessarily be allowed to trade. 09:59 AM. Tradeit is the leading CSGO trade website for a reason—we bring CSGO/CS2 traders together. The main benefit of using a CS:GO trade bot is that it saves you a lot. CS:GO and CS2 Commands List. Trade Dota 2 Items Now. They are a must for fast trades and trading websites; CSGO trade bots are used by all third-party markets. 4. The way it works is simple: you connect your Steam account to the bot, and then you choose any skin you want from the bot’s Steam inventory. money — trading bot for fast dota 2 items trade, buy and sell dota 2 skins. More deals. Trade, Buy or Sell CSGO, CS2, RUST, and TF2 skins with the lowest fees, Instantly! Tradeit. g. money use trade bots. Menghemat Waktu 2. Developers who are interested in CS:GO, TF2 & Rust, and maintaining fast trading. Stay informed about item values, trades, and market trends. CS. Trusted and dependable Rust trade bot. Click and drag the items you wish to trade from both inventories into the trade boxes. Free $5 for trading, 35% bonus for real money deposits. The bots can help you eliminate emotional decisions when investing. This is due to Steam's 7 day trade lock system. select your own items and the bot’s items. Another upside to these bots is multi-trading, in which a trader can make multiple trades with. På vores CS:GO/CS2 Trading Bot kan du nemt bytte skins nemt Using CSGO trade bots is very simple, because you need to: Select a CSGO trade bot. Trading in CS2 has never been easier. gg. Learn fundamentals of how to trade based solely on patterns and. Many trading sites are offering ways to lower commission when trading. 2 2. Counter-Strike enjoys a thriving esports scene and dedicated competitive playerbase, as well as a robust creative community. So, follow the below steps: Firstly, hit the Play button and select the Matchmaking tab from your Main Menu. 6 6. CSGO trade bots are computer programs that automatically trade items between players. Is cs. CS. 4. Ranks #9 out of 11 CS2 Trading Websites. Tradeit is the leading CSGO trade website for a reason—we bring CSGO/CS2 traders together. Whether you want to exchange a CSGO skin for another or buy/sell items directly, CS. Our CS2 (CS:GO) trading bots employ robust security measures, including the use of the Steam API key and trade offer confirmation processes, to safeguard your Steam account and inventory during transactions. 4 4.